Bug bites, whether they're from mosquitos, spiders, or ticks, are a side-effect of summer. Many of these bugs love living in the humidity, and with more time spent outside, they come with the territory. So when you get one of these itchy, painful bites, what's the best policy? Most of us remember our mom's telling us not to scratch, but what's the best way to ease the pain? MedicalNewsToday.com offers these tips:
Mild local reactions: You'll likely have some itching and localized swelling which goes away within a few days. You might find that placing a cold compress over the affected area, taking oral painkillers, such as Tylenol (paracetamol) or ibuprofen help. A steroid cream or anesthetic cream may also help soothe the discomfort. Some patients may find an antihistamine helps.
If the skin is broken do not apply cream or ointment directly onto it; make sure your follow the instructions on the packet.
The area may itch a lot, however, scratching it may break the skin, making it easier for bacteria to get in and cause an infection.
For more serious local reactions, a short course of oral antihistamines or oral analgesic may help. In more severe cases of swelling the doctor may prescribe a short course of oral steroids.
Generalized urticaria: If the patient has small, itchy lumps or lesions near where the bite occurred the doctor may prescribe an oral corticosteroid, such as prednisolone, or an oral antihistamine. If symptoms get worse see a doctor as soon as possible.
Blisters: Try not to burst them as the risk of infection will increase. A blister may not look nice, but it is rarely painful unless it ruptures. Protect the blistered area with a Band-Aid (sticky plaster).
Immunotherapy: If there are large skin reactions and more generalized symptoms, indicating possibly that the patient has become sensitized, the doctor may refer him/her to a specialist for immunotherapy (desensitization) treatment for allergic reactions to insect bites and stings.
For bites from midges, mosquitoes and gnats, in most cases, signs and symptoms will clear up on their own within a couple of days. A cold compress may be applied to reduce inflammation and possible pain if the patient has no allergic reaction. If there is itchiness and/or inflammation, OTC (over-the-counter, no prescription required) steroid creams and antihistamines may be purchased at a pharmacy (they are also available on prescription). If symptoms worsen or do not improve, see your doctor.
For bites from fleas, mites or bedbugs, the patient should try to find where the infestation is in their home. If the infestation comes from a pet it will need to be treated, as well as its bedding, and soft furnishings and carpets throughout the house. Cheyletiella mite infestation requires intervention by a veterinary surgeon.
Bedbug infestation will mean calling a good pest control company to come and decontaminate your home.
For tick bites, remove the tick immediately; this will lower your risk of a tick borne infection, such as Lyme disease. Hold the tick as close to the skin as possible and pull it straight up; make sure all its parts are removed. Twisting or jerking it as you pull pay break it and leave bits behind in your skin. Do not use petroleum jelly, alcohol or a lit match, they do not work. Wash your hands with soap and water after the tick has been removed. Clean the bite area with soap and water, apply ice to reduce the swelling, and apply an antiseptic.
Scratching the bite will probably make it swell more and raise the risk of infection. The majority of tick bites will heal within two to three weeks.
If you develop a rash around your armpit, thighs or groin, or have flu-like symptoms call your doctor. The doctor will probably prescribe antibiotics to prevent Lyme disease.
To avoid getting bug bites completely, try these tips:
- Use structural barriers, such as window screens or netting.
- If possible, avoid wooded, brushy and grassy areas.
- Avoid wearing heavily scented soaps and perfumes.
- Don't leave drinks and garbage cans uncovered.
- Don't wear bright colors (some insects are attracted to them).
- Whenever possible, wear long sleeves and long pants.
- Tuck your pant legs into your shoes or socks.
- Wear a hat.
- Stagnant (standing) water is a breeding ground for mosquitoes. Check containers, including flowerpots, buckets, pet dishes for stagnant water.
- If non-chemical methods are not working, use an insect repellent.
- If you are camping, treat clothes, shoes and camping gear with permethrin. There are clothes which have been treated with permethrin.
